Fig. 5

Postulated mechanisms of GWAS-related genes in lower airways during asthma. Abbreviations: CCR7 C-C-motif chemokine receptor 7, DC Dendritic cell, EMT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, FCER1A Fc fragment of IgE receptor 1A, FeNO Fractional exhaled nitric oxide, FLG Filaggrin, GATA-3 GATA binding protein 3, GDSMA Gasdermin A, GDSMB Gasdermin B, HLA Human leukocyte antigen, IgA Immunoglobulin A, IgE Immunoglobulin E, IgG Immunoglobulin G, IgM Immunoglobulin M, IKZF3 Ikaros family zinc finger protein 3, IL Interleukin, ILC2 Group 2 innate lymphoid cells, ILC3 Group 3 innate lymphoid cells, INFγ Interferon gamma, iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase, ITGβ8 Integrin Subunit Beta 8, LTD4 Leukotriene D4, MMP9 Matrix metalloproteinase 9, NKT cells Natural killer T cells, ORMDL3 Orosomucoid-like 3, PGD2 Prostaglandin D2, RORα Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor Alpha, SMAD3 SMAD family member 3 (= Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3), STAT6 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, TFH cell T follicular helper cell, TGFβ Transforming growth factor beta, Th1 T helper type 1, Th2 T helper type 2, Th17 T helper type 17, TLR Toll-like receptor, TNFα Tumor necrosis factor alpha, TSLP Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, YKL-40 Chitinase like protein, Remodeling Smooth muscle and/or fibroblast proliferation, fibrosis, EMT etc.