Table 2 Possible future targets for the treatment of CSU
From: Looking forward to new targeted treatments for chronic spontaneous urticaria
Target | Drug | Proposed mechanism of action |
|---|---|---|
NK-1R | Aprepitant, tradipitant, serlopitant, orvepitant | Small molecules which bind to neurokinin-1 receptors and thus block substance P activity |
C5a | Eculizumab | Reduces mediator release in autoimmune urticaria |
H4 receptor | JNJ7777120 | Reduces histamine mediated itch |
TNF-α | Etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab | Reduces chemotaxis, decrease inflammation, decrease angiogenesis |
TSLP | Tezepelumab | Inhibits release of Th2-cytokines |
α4-integrin | Natalizumab | Inhibits endotelial activation |
α4β7-integrin | Vedolizumab | Inhibits endotelial activation |
β7 integrin | RhuMab β7 | Inhibits endotelial activation |
CD-20 | Rituximab, ofatumumab, ocrelizumab | Depletes antibody-producing B cells |
IL-4Rα | Dupilumab, pitrakinra, AMG-317 | Reduces IgE production |
IL-13 | ABT-308, anrukinzumab, IMA-026, lebrikizumab, CNTO,5825, GSK679586, QAX576, tralokinumab | Reduces IgE production |
IL-5Rα | Benralizumab | Inhibits eosinophil activation |
IL-5 | Mepolizumab, reslizumab | Inhibits eosinophil activation |