Fig. 2

Mechanism of innate lymphoid cells group 3 in obesity induced asthma and their regulation. Innate lymphoid cells group 3 (ILC3s) produce interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and IL-22. Macrophages (Mϕ) produce IL-1β that engages IL-1 receptor on innate lymphoid cells group 3 (ILC3s) resulting in airway hyperreactivity. This effect can be inhibited by an IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist. ILC3s are sensitive to environmental factors, micronutrients and microbiota. Vitamin D deficiency increases ILC3s’ functions whereas Vitamin A deficiency leads to a reduction; the influence of airway microbiota on ILC3s is still unknown