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Table 2 Prevalence of adverse reactions (including GI symptoms) to the different foods among asthmatics (asthma), non-asthmatics (no asthma) and in the total sample (all)

From: Self-reported adverse reactions and IgE sensitization to common foods in adults with asthma

Food

% asthma

% no asthma

% all

p

Risk ratio

Hazelnut

20.5

7.2

12.2

<0.001

2.83

Apple

17.5

7.15

11.1

< 0.001

2.45

Kiwi

14.3

6.3

9.3

< 0.001

2.27

Walnut

12.8

4.1

7.3

< 0.001

3.15

Milk

11.5

6.9

8.6

0.003

1.67

Peach

10.7

2.4

5.6

< 0.001

4.39

Brazil nut

9.8

3.5

5.9

< 0.001

2.78

Almond

9.5

2.9

5.4

< 0.001

3.30

Nectarine

9.3

1.8

4.7

< 0.001

5.15

Pear

8.85

2.9

5.1

< 0.001

3.09

Plum

8.8

2.45

4.9

< 0.001

3.61

Cherry

8.65

2.65

4.9

< 0.001

3.26

Wine/beer

8

3.8

5.4

< 0.001

2.08

Peanut

7

2.8

4.3

< 0.001

2.63

Shellfish

6.5

3.1

4.4

0.002

2.09

Carrot

6.4

2.3

3.9

< 0.001

2.73

Strawberry

6.4

1.8

3.5

< 0.001

3.53

Apricot

6.3

1.4

3.3

< 0.001

4.52

Sourmilk/yogurt

6.25

3.5

4.55

0.015

1.78

Fried/fat food

5.9

3.3

4.3

0.018

1.79

Potato

5.5

1.2

2.8

< 0.001

4.70

Cheese

4.5

1.7

2.8

0.001

2.65

Others

4.5

3.1

3.6

0.16

1.46

Sweet pepper

4.4

1.9

2.8

0.006

2.28

Chili/tabasco

4.3

1.8

2.8

0.004

2.40

Tomato

4.15

1.9

2.8

0.011

2.18

Orange

3.8

2.8

3.1

0.26

1.38

Banana

3.8

1.1

2.1

< 0.001

3.56

Bean

3.3

1.6

2.2

0.033

2.06

Egg

3.3

1.1

1.9

0.002

3.09

Flour (wheat)

3.3

1.6

2.2

0.033

2.05

Avocado

3.1

0.5

1.5

< 0.001

5.84

Fish

2.9

0.2

1.25

< 0.001

13.80

Cheesea

2.8

0.6

1.5

< 0.001

4.37

Cayenne/red pepper

2.8

1.4

1.9

0.056

2.01

Chocolate

2.8

1.5

2

0.084

1.86

Milka

2.35

1

1.6

0.063

2.15

Pea

2.2

0.4

1.1

0.001

5.27

Additives

1.6

0.4

0.9

0.021

3.66

Curry

1.55

1

1.25

0.41

1.46

Sour milk/yogurta

1.4

0.5

0.9

0.076

2.64

Flour (wheat)b

1.4

0.1

0.6

0.002

12.94

Celery

1.4

0.2

0.7

0.006

6.49

Soy

1.4

0.2

0.7

0.006

6.49

Melon

1.4

0.2

0.65

0.006

6.48

Flour (non wheat)

1.4

0.5

0.85

0.083

2.59

Dried fruit

1.2

0.2

0.6

0.014

5.71

Salami

1

0.4

0.7

0.15

2.44

Pork

1

0.5

0.7

0.26

1.94

Sunflower seed

0.9

0

0.3

0.004

-

Chestnut

0.7

0.4

0.5

0.47

1.65

Flour (non wheat)b

0.7

0

0.3

0.011

-

Chicken

0.7

0.1

0.3

0.054

6.48

Camomile

0.7

0.5

0.6

0.69

1.30

Sesame seed

0.7

0.1

0.3

0.054

6.49

Anise/caraway

0.5

0.1

0.3

0.13

4.86

Beef

0.35

0.3

0.3

0.93

1.08

Lingonberry

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.31

3.25

Coriander

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.73

1.62

Poppy seed

0.2

0

0.1

0.20

-

Parsley

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.86

0.81

  1. P-value was considered significant when <0.05 comparing the self-reported intolerance for the different foods between asthmatics to non-asthmatics
  2. alactose intolerance symptoms excluded
  3. bgluten intolerance symptoms excluded