Table 2 Significant results of skin, nasal, conjunctival and lung parameters, questionnaires and blood parameters at the beginning (t1) in Munich, at time point 2 (t2) and 3 (t3) in the UFS and time point 4 (T4) in Munich in the different groups: data are means ± SD

Skin parameters

Str. corneum hydration (arb. units)

46±10

48±7

36±8

39±6

38±7

39±5

44±14

47±4

**t1/t2 **t3/t4

PH

4.9±1.3

5.2±1.2

5.9±1.3

5.4±1.2

5.9±1.3

5.4±1.2

5.2±1.3

4.5±1.2

**t1/t2 **t3/t4

Skin roughness (arb. units)

0.6±0.3

0.5±0.2

1.0±0.3

0.6±0.2

0.6±0.4

0.5±0.2

0.6±0.4

0.5±0.2

*t1/t2 **t3/t2

Skin scaliness (arb. units)

0.3±0.2

0.3±0.2

0.7±0.3

0.7±0.4

0.8±0.3

0.6±0.3

0.6±0.3

0.5±0.2

**t1/t2 **t3/t4

Skin smoothness (arb. units)

18.2±2.0

18.2±3.8

21.0±3.8

18.8.±4.4

22.3±4.3

18.5±4.3

19.0±2.9

15.1±0.5

**t1/t2 **t3/t4

↓AE t1/t2

TEWL (g/(hm²))

8.0±5.0

6.0±1.4

6.2±2.5

5.9±1.2

7.1±3.8

7.0±1.8

9.8±9.2

7.5±2.2

↑AE t3/t4

Blood flow (right) (arb. units)

109±23

96±16

n.d.

n.d.

121±49

97±19

108±15

98±16

↑AE t1/t3

Blood flow (left) (arb. units)

115±28

98±15

n.d.

n.d.

124±60

96±23

113±28

101±20

↑AE t1/t3 ↓AEt3/t4

Wheal diluted 1:10 (mm)

6.2±2.9

n.d.

5.7±2.3

n.d.

6.1±2.6

n.d.

4.9±1.6

n.d.

↑AR t1/t2

Wheal diluted 1:100 (mm)

2.9±1.1

n.d.

2.9±1.1

n.d.

3.6±1.2

n.d.

2.8±1.0

n.d.

*t2/t3

Flare diluted 1:10 (mm)

31.3±10.1

n.d.

25.1±10.8

n.d.

23.4±8.5

n.d.

25.0±9.6

n.d

**t1/t2

Nasal and conjunctival parameters

Resistance (after prov.) (ml/s)

1.1±1.8

1.3±2.1

0.7±0.6

0.6±0.6

0.5±0.3

0.6±0.5

0.5±0.5

0.7±0.6

↑Asthma t2/t3

Conjunctival provocation (score) Allergen 1/100 (5min)

0.7±0.5

n.d.

0.4±0.5

n.d.

0.5±0.5

n.d.

0.6±0.5

n.d.

↑Asthma t1/t2 ↓Asthma t2/t3

Lung parameters

FVC (l)

5.1±1.7

4.6±1.0

5.2±2.0

5.0±1.3

4.6±1.2

4.7±1.2

4.7±1.5

5.0±1.0

*t2/t3

FEV1/VC (%)

78±15

88±12

80±17

89±8

85±11

90±7

81±14

89±9

*t1/t3

PEF (l/s)

9.1±2.9

10.0±2.63

10.1±2.5

11.2±3.0

9.6±2.5

10.9±2.9

9.9±2.7

10.2±2.4

**t1/t2 **t2/t3 *t3/t4

MEF50 (l/s)

4.26±1.7

5.35±2.0

4.76±2.0

5.84±2.1

4.85±1.9

5.60±1.8

4.67±1.5

5.5±1.4

*t1/t2

MMEF 25/75 (l/s)

3.75±1.5

4.73±1.6

4.23±1.8

5.19±1.8

4.22±1.6

5.02±1.6

4.25±1.1

5.02±1.1

**t1/t2

Resistance after 0.1% methacholine (kPA*s/l)

0.33±0.1

0.23±0.02

0.42±0.2

0.31±0.2

0.52±0.2

0.24±0.1

n.d.

n.d.

**t1/t2 **t1/t3

↓Asthma t1/t2 ↑AE t1/t2

FeNO (ppb)

41.6±34.6

17.6±7.9

32.0±24.9

12.8±10.2

38.2±34.3

20.0±15.4

33.2±26.5

16.2±9.3

Questionnaires

DIELH (score)

30±30

1±1

27±30

1±1

29±29

1±2

24±28

0±1

↑AE t1/t2

RQLQ (score)

5.6±0.9

6.6±0.3

5.6±1.0

6.8±0.2

5.8±0.9

6.8.±0.2

5.7±0.9

6.6±0.3

*t1/t3

↓Asthma t2/t3 ↑AE t2/t3

SF-36 (score)

2.2±0.4

2.0±0.4

2.2±0.4

2.0±0.5

2.2±0.4

2.0±0.5

2.4±0.2

2.2±0.2

↓AR t2/t3

Blood parameters

Erythrocytes (10⁶/μl)

4.85±0.4

4.85±0.6

5.27±0.5

5.09±0.92

4.92±0.42

4.86±0.57

5.01±0.37

4.79±0.4

**t1/t2 **t2/t3

↓AR t2/t3

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

14.2±1.5

14.1±1.7

15.3±1.8

14.9±2.6

14.4±1.5

14.0±1.6

14.5±1.4

13.8±1.20

**t1/t2 *t2/t3*t3/t4

Hematocrit (%)

42.9±3.7

42.3±4.5

46.6±4.6

44.3±6.7

43.4±3.6

42.6.0±4.0

44.8±3.2

43.0±2.90

**t1/t2 *t2/t3

↓AR t2/t3

Eosinophils (%)

4.0±3.1

1.9±1.3

4.3±2.9

2.0±1.2

4.9±3.1

3.1±1.8

4.2±3.1

2.3±1.1

**t1/t3

Basophils (%)

0.5±0.2

0.4±0.2

0.4±0.2

0.3±0.2

0.5±0.2

0.5±0.2

0.5±0.2

0.3±0.20

**t1/t3

ECP (μg/ml)

16.0±11.0

6.0±4.0

5.0±5.0

2.0±2.0

11.0±11.0

6.0±6.0

14.0±9.0

5.0±3.0

**t1/t2 **t2/t3 **t3/t4

IL-33 (ng/ml)

2.96±4.04

4.16±5.98

2.81±4.1

4.0±5.92

2.72±3.91

3.72±5.97

1.85±2.45

5.16±.6.94

*t1/t2

↑Asthma t3/t4