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Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the study patients

From: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial to improve inhaler technique using mHealth

 

Total (n = 70)

Application (n = 37)

Leaflet (n = 33)

Age in years, median (Q1–Q3)

64 (55–73)

66 (56–73)

63 (47–72)

Female, n (%)

39 (56)

20 (54)

19 (58)

BMI in kg/m², mean (SD)

26 (5)

26 (4)

27 (5)

Asthma, n (%)

31 (44)

18 (49)

13 (39)

COPD, n (%)

27 (39)

16 (43)

11 (33)

ACO, n (%)

12 (17)

3 (8)

9 (27)

Time since diagnosis in years, median (Q1–Q3)

13 (5–28)

15 (7–29)

10 (4–31)

Never smoker, n (%)

24 (34)

12 (32)

12 (36)

Past smoker, n (%)

32 (46)

18 (49)

14 (42)

Current smoker, n (%)

14 (20)

7 (19)

7 (21)

Pack-years among ever smokers, median (Q1-Q3)

30 (11–42)

31 (20–48)

26 (8–36)

Primary education, n (%)

11 (16)

4 (11)

7 (21)

Lower secondary education, n (%)

17 (24)

11 (30)

6 (18)

Upper secondary education, n (%)

22 (31)

14 (38)

8 (24)

Higher education (Non-university), n (%)

14 (20)

5 (14)

9 (27)

Higher education (University), n (%)

6 (9)

3 (8)

3 (9)

Allergy, n (%)

41 (59)

22 (59)

19 (58)

Chronic bronchitis, n (%)

37 (53)

21 (57)

16 (48)

Influenza vaccination, n (%)

44 (63)

22 (59)

22 (67)

≥ 1 exacerbation in preceding year, n (%)

34 (49)

12 (32)

22 (67)

≥ 1 severe exacerbation in preceding year, n (%)

8 (11)

4 (11)

4 (12)

≥ 1 course of antibiotics in preceding year, n (%)

46 (66)

21 (57)

25 (76)

≥ 1 course of oral corticosteroids in preceding year, n (%)

28 (40)

12 (32)

16 (48)

Handgrip strength dominant hand in kg, mean (SD)

30 (11)

31 (12)

29 (9)

1 inhaler, n (%)

24 (34)

15 (41)

9 (27)

2 inhalers, n (%)

31 (44)

13 (35)

18 (55)

3 inhalers, n (%)

13 (19)

9 (24)

4 (12)

4 inhalers, n (%)

2 (3)

0 (0)

2 (6)

DPI(s), n (%)

30 (43)

19 (51)

11 (33)

MDI(s), n (%)

8 (11)

3 (8)

5 (15)

SMI(s) (combinations), n (%)

11 (16)

3 (8)

8 (24)

DPI + MDI, n (%)

21 (30)

12 (32)

9 (27)

Single device, n (%)

38 (54)

22 (59)

16 (48)

SABA, n (%)

11 (16)

5 (14)

6 (18)

SABA/SAMA, n (%)

22 (31)

12 (32)

10 (30)

ICS, n (%)

2 (3)

1 (3)

1 (3)

LABA, n (%)

2 (3)

1 (3)

1 (3)

ICS/LABA, n (%)

36 (51)

19 (51)

17 (52)

LABA/LAMA, n (%)

7 (10)

5 (14)

2 (6)

ICS/LABA/LAMA, n (%)

23 (33)

11 (30)

12 (36)

Oral (leukotriene receptor antagonist or theophylline), n (%)

13 (19)

8 (22)

5 (15)

ACT score among asthma/ACO patients, median (Q1-Q3)

19 (13–23)

20 (14–24)

18 (13–22)

CAT score among COPD/ACO patients, median (Q1–Q3)

16 (10–22)

14 (10–21)

18 (11–24)

  1. BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACO, asthma-COPD overlap; DPI, dry powder inhaler; MDI, metered-dose inhalers; SMI, soft mist inhalers; SABA, short-acting β2-agonist, SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LABA, long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; ACT, Asthma Control Test; CAT, COPD Assessment Test