From: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial to improve inhaler technique using mHealth
 | Total (n = 70) | Application (n = 37) | Leaflet (n = 33) |
---|---|---|---|
Age in years, median (Q1–Q3) | 64 (55–73) | 66 (56–73) | 63 (47–72) |
Female, n (%) | 39 (56) | 20 (54) | 19 (58) |
BMI in kg/m², mean (SD) | 26 (5) | 26 (4) | 27 (5) |
Asthma, n (%) | 31 (44) | 18 (49) | 13 (39) |
COPD, n (%) | 27 (39) | 16 (43) | 11 (33) |
ACO, n (%) | 12 (17) | 3 (8) | 9 (27) |
Time since diagnosis in years, median (Q1–Q3) | 13 (5–28) | 15 (7–29) | 10 (4–31) |
Never smoker, n (%) | 24 (34) | 12 (32) | 12 (36) |
Past smoker, n (%) | 32 (46) | 18 (49) | 14 (42) |
Current smoker, n (%) | 14 (20) | 7 (19) | 7 (21) |
Pack-years among ever smokers, median (Q1-Q3) | 30 (11–42) | 31 (20–48) | 26 (8–36) |
Primary education, n (%) | 11 (16) | 4 (11) | 7 (21) |
Lower secondary education, n (%) | 17 (24) | 11 (30) | 6 (18) |
Upper secondary education, n (%) | 22 (31) | 14 (38) | 8 (24) |
Higher education (Non-university), n (%) | 14 (20) | 5 (14) | 9 (27) |
Higher education (University), n (%) | 6 (9) | 3 (8) | 3 (9) |
Allergy, n (%) | 41 (59) | 22 (59) | 19 (58) |
Chronic bronchitis, n (%) | 37 (53) | 21 (57) | 16 (48) |
Influenza vaccination, n (%) | 44 (63) | 22 (59) | 22 (67) |
≥ 1 exacerbation in preceding year, n (%) | 34 (49) | 12 (32) | 22 (67) |
≥ 1 severe exacerbation in preceding year, n (%) | 8 (11) | 4 (11) | 4 (12) |
≥ 1 course of antibiotics in preceding year, n (%) | 46 (66) | 21 (57) | 25 (76) |
≥ 1 course of oral corticosteroids in preceding year, n (%) | 28 (40) | 12 (32) | 16 (48) |
Handgrip strength dominant hand in kg, mean (SD) | 30 (11) | 31 (12) | 29 (9) |
1 inhaler, n (%) | 24 (34) | 15 (41) | 9 (27) |
2 inhalers, n (%) | 31 (44) | 13 (35) | 18 (55) |
3 inhalers, n (%) | 13 (19) | 9 (24) | 4 (12) |
4 inhalers, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 2 (6) |
DPI(s), n (%) | 30 (43) | 19 (51) | 11 (33) |
MDI(s), n (%) | 8 (11) | 3 (8) | 5 (15) |
SMI(s) (combinations), n (%) | 11 (16) | 3 (8) | 8 (24) |
DPI + MDI, n (%) | 21 (30) | 12 (32) | 9 (27) |
Single device, n (%) | 38 (54) | 22 (59) | 16 (48) |
SABA, n (%) | 11 (16) | 5 (14) | 6 (18) |
SABA/SAMA, n (%) | 22 (31) | 12 (32) | 10 (30) |
ICS, n (%) | 2 (3) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) |
LABA, n (%) | 2 (3) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) |
ICS/LABA, n (%) | 36 (51) | 19 (51) | 17 (52) |
LABA/LAMA, n (%) | 7 (10) | 5 (14) | 2 (6) |
ICS/LABA/LAMA, n (%) | 23 (33) | 11 (30) | 12 (36) |
Oral (leukotriene receptor antagonist or theophylline), n (%) | 13 (19) | 8 (22) | 5 (15) |
ACT score among asthma/ACO patients, median (Q1-Q3) | 19 (13–23) | 20 (14–24) | 18 (13–22) |
CAT score among COPD/ACO patients, median (Q1–Q3) | 16 (10–22) | 14 (10–21) | 18 (11–24) |