Table 2 Targets of IgE autoantibodies in atopic dermatitis

Actin α

ACTA2

42

15.5% (11/71)

0% (0/24)

Alpha smooth muscle actin

Zeller et al. [36]

Autologous sweat

MGL_1304

29

84.4% (56/66)*

77.0% (47/61)**

5–27% (children)

29–65% (adults)

11.1% (3/27)*

8.7% (4/46)**

Product from Malassezia globosa, sharing homologs with other Malassezia species, but no cross-antigenicity with human proteins

Hide et al. [54]

Tanaka et al. [55]

Glatz et al. [107]

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-directed epitopes:

SART2₁₆₁

SART3₁₀₉

SART3₃₁₅

ART4₇₅

CypB₈₄

CypB₉₁

CypB

21

2.5% (1/40)

37.5% (15/40)

15% (6/40)

10% (4/40)

27.5% (11/40)

17.5% (7/40)

9.2% (6/71)

4.9% (2/41)

29.3% (12/41)

17.1% (7/41)

12.2% (5/41)

29.3% (12/41)

31.7% (13/41)

0% (0/24)

SART, ART4, CypB; highly expressed in proliferating cells

SART; squamous cell carcinoma antigen. Tumor associated antigen recognized by CTL

ART4; Adenocarcinoma antigens recognized by T cells 4

CypB; cyclophilin B, identified in all cell types in the endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and in serum. Associated with progression of inflammatory diseases

Kawamoto et al. [30]

Zeller et al. [36]

Dense fine speckles (DFS70)/Lens epithelium derived growth factor (LEDGF)

70

15% (9/61)

62.5% (10/16)

0% (0/20)

0% (0/1)

Survival factor, growth factor, HIV-transporter, nuclear antigen

Watanabe et al. [31]

Ochs et al. [57]

eIF6

27

25.4% (19/71)

0% (0/24)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6, nuclear and ribosomal protein

Zeller et al. [36]

Epidermal keratinocytes

37% (10/27)

0% (0/6)

Kortekangas-Savolainen et al. [33]

Epidermis

22% (12/54)

0% (0/138)

Altrichter et al. 35]

Epithelial cell line A431

25–97

43.1% (22/51)

60% (12/20)

91.7% (11/12)

17% (9/54)

72.7% (8/11)

23% (40/174)

0% (0/1)

0% (0/2)

0% (0/6)

0% (0/138)

0% (0/26)

Natter et al. [19]

Valenta et al. [17]

Aichberger et al. [37]

Altrichter et al. [35]

Mittermann et al. [38]

Mothes et al. [20]

HLA-DR

24

8.7% (7/71)

0% (0/24)

Human leukocyte antigen, expressed on Langerhans cells, macrophages, keratinocytes and dendritic cells

Zeller et al. [36]

Hom s 1

SART-1

55–60

Cytoplasmatic and nuclear protein, SART1 almost identical sequence homology with Hom s1

Valenta et al. [18]

Hom s 2

α-NAC

23.2

27.3% (3/11)

Nascent polypeptide-associated complex, subunit α. Regulation of gene transcription

Mittermann et al. [38]

Mossabeb et al. [108]

Hom s 3

BCL7B

20.1

Sequence identity with intracellular oncoprotein BCL7B. Positive regulator of apoptosis, maintenance of nuclear structure, stem cell differentiation

Natter et al. [19]

Hom s 4

MICU1, CALC

54

16.7% (2/12)

0% (0/6)

Basic protein which belongs to subfamily of calcium-binding proteins

Aichberger et al. [37]

Hom s 5

Cytokeratin 6A, K6A, KRT6D

56–70

Keratin type II cytoskeletal 6A. Structural constituent of cytoskeleton

Natter et al. [19]

Human manganese superoxide dismutase (hMnSOD)

Asp f6

22

42% (29/69)

14.8% (4/27)

17,6% (adults, 3/17)*

10% (children, 1/10)*

0% (0/5)

0% 0/27)

0% (0/17)*

0% (0/10)*

Nuclear-encoded enzyme, located in mitochondria. Cross reactivity with Mala s 11 and Hev b 10

Schmid-Grendelmeier et al. [34]

Guarneri et al. [109]

Vilhelmsson et al. [110]

Andersson et al. [111]

Human thioredoxins (hTrx)

12

5% (3/61)

23.4% (16/71)

0% (0/20)

0% (0/24)

Small intracellular redox proteins involved in many important biological processes. 45% identity with Mala s13

Watanabe et al. [31]

Zeller et al. [36]

Schmid-Grendelmeieret al. [8]

Limacher et al. [66]

IgE, CH3 and CH4 domains

Unknown (n = 19 AD)

Unknown (n = 13 HC)

Czech W et al. [112]

Ribosomal protein P2

RPLP2, Asp f8

Ribosomal phosphoprotein with a role in the elongation step of protein synthesis

Mayer et al. [113]

RP1

MAPRE2

39

29.0% (21/71)

0% (0/24)

Microtubule polymerization and stabilizing function

Zeller et al. [36]

Tubulin α 1a

TUBA1a

50

21.7% (14/71)

0% (0/24)

Formation of microtubules for cytoskeletal structure

Zeller et al. [36]