|
Respiratory
|
[11]
|
Prospective study
|
Pulmonary function tests revealed that 22/26 of CSU patients had asthma or abnormal bronchial reactivity
|
|
[12]
|
Prospective study
|
Bronchial hyperreactivity was present in 13/30 of cholinergic urticaria patients which was higher than CSU patients and healthy controls
|
|
[13]
|
Prospective study
|
Dermographism patients exhibited increase in airway resistance and a decrease in specific airway conductance
|
|
[10]
|
Case report
|
Authors reported two CU patients in whom urticaria onset was associated with the simultaneous appearance of asthmatic symptoms
|
|
Gastrointestinal system
|
[14]
|
Prospective study
|
Forty-four percent of 330 CU patients described abdominal problems mainly gastritis
|
|
[16]
|
Prospective study
|
After duodenal histamine challenge, 5 of 7 CU patients showed systemic symptoms including diarrhoea and in 6 of 7 histopathological examination revealed ultrastructural changes in the duodenal tissue
|
|
[17]
|
Prospective study
|
Mast cell numbers were significantly increased in the stomach and duodenum of CU patients even if they did not have GIS symptoms
|
|
[21]
|
Prospective study
|
Gastroduodenal and intestinal permeability were significantly increased in patients with CU
|
|
[22]
|
Case report
|
A patient with cholinergic urticaria and erythematous pangastritis, whose severe dyspeptic complaints did not resolve with proton pump inhibitors but did with omalizumab
|
|
[23]
|
Case report
|
Transient hepatocellular injury including elevation of liver enzymes and hepatosplenomegaly during cholinergic urticaria attacks
|
|
Cardiovascular system
|
[39]
|
Prospective study
|
Hypertension is associated with extended duration of CIU
|
|
[38]
|
Retrospective study
|
CIU patients had a 1.37-fold greater risk of developing hypertension than the non-CIU cohort
|
|
[33,34,35,36,37]
|
Case report
|
The authors described Kounis syndrome resulting from acute urticaria, chronic urticaria, autoimmune urticaria and cold urticaria
|
|
Central nervous system
|
[42]
|
Prospective study
|
By using multiple-modality brain imaging tools, the authors demonstrated dysfunction of the striatum in CSU patients
|
|
[43]
|
Prospective study
|
Authors demonstrated the altered cerebellar activity and cerebellum-reward-sensorimotor loops in CSU
|
|
[40]
|
Case report
|
Authors described a patient with cholinergic urticaria associated with epileptic seizures and abnormalities on the encephalogram
|
|
[41]
|
Case report
|
Authors reported a patient with an unusual form of migraine with urticarial lesions appearing at the end of each migraine attack
|
|
Musculoskeletal system
|
[47]
|
Retrospective study
|
1035 (8.7%) patients with CU were diagnosed with osteoporosis compared with 4046 (6.8%) controls. The adjusted multivariate analysis demonstrated that CU was significantly associated with a higher risk for osteoporosis (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.10–1.37, P < 0.001)
|
|
[44]
|
Case series
|
Authors reported four cases with urticaria, angioedema, articular manifestations and HLA-B51 positivity
|
|
[45]
|
Case series
|
Authors described 9 patients with angioedema, hives and arthritis which they referred as AHA syndrome
|
|
[46]
|
Case report
|
Authors described a patient whose CU was associated with autoimmune thyroid disease and both CU and arthralgia responded to treatment with l-thyroxine
|
