Table 4 Pooled prevalence of psychiatric disorders among chronic urticaria (CU) patients, categorized according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (data listed for disorders referred in at least two different published articles)
From: Psychiatric comorbidity in chronic urticaria patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
DSM-5 classification | Patients N/all CU patients | Controla N/all healthy controls | p-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence per study | Pooled prevalence (%) | Prevalence per study | Pooled prevalence (%) | ||
Sleep–wake disorders (e.g., insomnia disorder, restless legs syndrome) | 57/110 [24] 31/130 [35] | 88/240 (36.7%) | 12/100 [35] | (12%) based only of ref. [35] | < 0.001 |
Anxiety disorders (e.g. generalized anxiety disorder, phobias) | 30/100 [22] 2/50 [23] 48/110 [24] 24/30 [25] 39/89 [26] 25/100 [27] 10/84 [28] 4/31 [31] 15/50 [34] | 197/644 (30.6%) | 13/30 [25] 7/64 [26] | 20/94 (21.3%) | 0.16b |
Mood disorders (major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder) | 12/20 [19] 17/100 [22] 16/50 [23] 39/110 [24] 15/30 [25] 18/89 [26] 11/100 [27] 36/84 [28] 6/31 [31] 23/50 [34] 2/3 [36] | 195/664 (29.4%) | 5/30 [25] 3/64 [26] | 8/94 (8.5%) | 0.001 |
Trauma and stressor-related disorders (e.g. posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder) | 5/100 [22] 1/31 [31] 34/100 [32] | 40/231 (17.3%) | – | – | – |
Somatic symptom and related disorders (e.g., somatic symptom disorder, conversion disorder) | 17/100 [22] 21/30 [25] 11/100 [27] 5/84 [28] | 54/314 (17.2%) | 12/30 [25] | (40%) based only of ref. [25] | 0.020 c |
Obsessive–compulsive and related disorders | 4/100 [22] 1/50 [23] 3/110 [24] 23/89 [26] 3/31 [31] 2/7 [33] | 36/387 (9.3%) | 1/64 [26] | (1.6%) based only of ref. [26] | 0.045 |
Substance-related and addictive disorders (e.g., alcohol use disorder) | 5/100 [22] 1/50 [23] | 6/150 (4%) | – | – | – |