Fig. 5

Mean with 95% CI of stool pH (a) for treatment by time. The box-plots summarize the amounts (in mmol/kg) of acetate (b), propionate (c), butyrate (d), iso-valerate (e), iso-butyrate (f) for treatment by time, respectively. Percentage of faecal samples (plotted as bars) with detectable levels of valerate (g), l-lactate (h), and d-lactate (i) for treatment by time, respectively. The HBR reference values (age-matched to week 8) are plotted as well. P-values for stool pH and acetate are based on ANCOVA comparing Test versus Control with week 8/12/26 values as outcome, stratification factor and baseline values as covariate and treatment as fixed effect. P-values for the variables summarized in c–e are based on Van Elteren test comparing test versus control with respect to change from baseline at week 8/12/26, taken the stratification factor into account. P-values for the variables summarized in g–i are obtained from a logistic regression model comparing test versus control at week 8/12/26 with adjustment for baseline values. *P ≤ 0.05