Table 1 Health professional assessment of clinical scenarios for type and severity of reaction and level contraindication
Health profession | Type of reaction N (%) | Severity of reaction N (%) | Level of contraindication N (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allergy | Intolerance | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Absolutely | Relatively | Use with caution | |
Allergy | ||||||||
Control—Augmentin, anaphylaxis (severe, absolutely contraindicated) | ||||||||
Medical (n = 160) | 159 (99.4) | 0 | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.3) | 156 (97.5) | 158 (98.8) | 0 | 1 (0.6) |
Nurse (n = 50) | 49 (98.0) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | 2 (4.0) | 46 (92.0) | 46 (92.0) | 3 (6.0) | 0 |
Pharmacist (n = 96) | 94 (97.9) | 2 (2.1) | 0 | 3 (3.1) | 93 (96.9) | 94 (97.9) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.0) |
Medical student (n = 88) | 86 (97.7) | 1 (1.1) | 0 | 1 (1.1) | 86 (97.7) | 87 (98.9) | 0 | 0 |
Overall (n = 394) | 388 (98.5) | 3 (0.76) | 2 (0.51) | 8 (2.0) | 381 (96.7) | 385 (97.7) | 4 (1.0) | 2 (0.51) |
Carbamazepine, Stevens–Johnson syndrome (severe, absolutely contraindicated) | ||||||||
Medical (n = 160) | 128 (80.0) | 31 (19.4) | 0 | 17 (10.6) | 142 (88.8) | 148 (92.5) | 12 (7.5) | 0 |
Nurse (n = 50) | 26 (52.0) | 24 (48.0) | 0 | 12 (24.0) | 26 (52.0) | 26 (52.0) | 20 (40.0) | 4 (8.0) |
Pharmacist (n = 96) | 80 (83.3) | 16 (16.7) | 0 | 3 (3.1) | 93 (96.9) | 93 (96.9) | 3 (3.1) | 0 |
Medical student (n = 88) | 67 (76.1) | 20 (22.7) | 0 | 5 (5.6) | 83 (89.8) | 79 (89.8) | 9 (10.2) | 0 |
Overall (n = 394) | 301 (76.4) | 91 (23.1) | 0 | 37 (9.4) | 344 (87.3) | 346 (87.8) | 44 (11.2) | 4 (1.0) |
Intolerance | ||||||||
Control—PPI, headache (mild, use with caution) | ||||||||
Medical (n = 160) | 1 (0.6) | 157 (98.1) | 157 (98.1) | 3 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | 47 (29.4) | 113 (70.6) |
Nurse (n = 50) | 6 (12.0) | 43 (86.0) | 45 (90.0) | 4 (8.0) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | 17 (34.0) | 30 (60.0) |
Pharmacist (n = 96) | 1 (1.0) | 94 (98.0) | 91 (94.8) | 5 (5.2) | 0 | 0 | 33 (34.4) | 62 (65.6) |
Medical student (n = 88) | 0 | 88 (100) | 83 (94.3) | 5 (5.7) | 0 | 0 | 26 (11.4) | 62 (70.5) |
Overall (n = 394) | 8 (2.0) | 382 (96.9) | 376 (95.4) | (4.8) | 0 | 1 (0.25) | 123 (31.2) | 267 (67.8) |
Statin, rhabdomyolysis (severe, use with caution) | ||||||||
Medical (n = 160) | 32 (20.0) | 124 (77.5) | 0 | 45 (28.1) | 115 (71.9) | 92 (57.5) | 59 (36.9) | 9 (5.6) |
Nurse (n = 50) | 10 (20.0) | 38 (76.0) | 5 (10.0) | 18 (36.0) | 25 (50.0) | 21 (42.0) | 18 (36.0) | 10 (20.0) |
Pharmacist (n = 96) | 15 (15.6) | 80 (83.3) | 0 | 19 (19.8) | 77 (80.2) | 49 (51.0) | 41 (42.7) | 6 (6.3) |
Medical student (n = 88) | 13 (14.8) | 73 (82.9) | 0 | 11 (12.5) | 76 (86.4) | 53 (60.2) | 32 (36.4) | 2 (2.3) |
Overall (n = 394) | 70 (17.8) | 315 (79.9) | 5 (1.3) | 93 (23.6) | 293 (74.4) | 215 (54.6) | 150 (38.1) | 27 (6.9) |
Azathioprine, myelosuppression, hepatitis (moderate, absolutely contraindicated) | ||||||||
Medical (n = 160) | 24 (15.0) | 130 (81.3) | 0 | 65 (40.6) | 76 (47.5) | 49 (30.6) | 77 (48.1) | 33 (20.6) |
Nurse (n = 50) | 15 (30.0) | 34 (68.0) | 0 | 31 (62.0) | 19 (38.0) | 17 (34.0) | 22 (44.0) | 11 (22.0) |
Pharmacist (n = 96) | 17 (17.7) | 79 (82.3) | 1 (1.0) | 54 (56.3) | 40 (41.7) | 20 (20.8) | 54 (56.3) | 22 (22.9) |
Medical student (n = 88) | 13 (14.8) | 74 (84.1) | 1 (1.1) | 50 (56.8) | 36 (40.9) | 27 (30.7) | 54 (61.4) | 6 (6.8) |
Overall (n = 394) | 69 (17.5) | 317 (80.4) | 2 (0.5) | 200 (50.7) | 171 (43.4) | 113 (28.7) | 207 (52.5) | 72 (18.3) |
ACE, angioedema (moderate, absolutely contraindicated) | ||||||||
Medical (n = 160) | 109 (68.1) | 48 (30.0) | 14 (8.8) | 82 (51.3) | 63 (39.4) | 110 (68.8) | 45 (28.1) | 4 (2.5) |
Nurse (n = 50) | 38 (76.0) | 11 (22.0) | 4 (8.0) | 30 (60.0) | 16 (32.0) | 29 (58.0) | 18 (36.0) | 3 (6.0) |
Pharmacist (n = 96) | 73 (76.0) | 23 (23.9) | 1 (1.0) | 30 (31.3) | 65 (67.7) | 87 (90.6) | 9 (9.4) | 0 |
Medical student (n = 88) | 74 (84.1) | 14 (15.9) | 9 (10.2) | 51 (58.0) | 28 (31.8) | 36 (40.9) | 46 (52.3) | 6 (6.8) |
Overall (n = 394) | 294 (74.6) | 96 (24.4) | 28 (7.1) | 193 (49.0) | 172 (43.7) | 262 (66.5) | 118 (29.9) | 13 (3.3) |
NSAIDs, hives (moderate, relatively contraindicated) | ||||||||
Medical (n = 160) | 144 (90.0) | 14 (8.8) | 23 (14.4) | 121 (75.6) | 14 (8.8) | 67 (41.9) | 76 (47.5) | 15 (9.4) |
Nurse (n = 50) | 39 (78.0) | 9 (18.0) | 17 (34.0) | 31 (62.0) | 2 (4.0) | 14 (28.0) | 6 (12.0) | 30 (60.0) |
Pharmacist (n = 96) | 91 (94.8) | 5 (5.2) | 19 (19.8) | 64 (66.7) | 13 (13.5) | 42 (43.8) | 37 (38.5) | 16 (16.7) |
Medical student (n = 88) | 85 (96.6) | 3 (3.4) | 10 (11.4) | 67 (76.1) | 10 (11.4) | 31 (35.2) | 49 (55.7) | 8 (9.1) |
Overall (n = 394) | 359 (91.1) | 31 (7.9) | 69 (17.5) | 283 (71.8) | 39 (9.9) | 154 (39.1) | 168 (42.6) | 69 (17.5) |
Beta-blocker, shortness of breath (moderate, relatively contraindicated) | ||||||||
Medical (n = 160) | 18 (11.2) | 139 (86.9) | 37 (23.1) | 112 (70.0) | 8 (5.0) | 28 (17.5) | 109 (68.1) | 19 (11.9) |
Nurse (n = 50) | 22 (44.0) | 26 (52.0) | 15 (30.0) | 28 (56.0) | 5 (10.0) | 14 (28.0) | 20 (40.0) | 14 (28.0) |
Pharmacist (n = 96) | 4 (4.2) | 91 (94.8) | 28 (29.2) | 61 (63.5) | 7 (7.3) | 13 (13.5) | 57 (59.4) | 25 (26.0) |
Medical student (n = 88) | 12 (13.6) | 76 (86.4) | 31 (35.2) | 53 (60.2) | 4 (4.5) | 11 (12.5) | 61 (69.3) | 16 (18.2) |
Overall (n = 394) | 56 (14.2) | 332 (84.3) | 111 (28.2) | 254 (64.5) | 24 (6.1) | 66 (16.8) | 247 (62.7) | 74 (18.8) |
Morphine, hives (mild, use with caution) | ||||||||
Medical (n = 160) | 114 (71.3) | 44 (27.5) | 93 (58.1) | 64 (40.0) | 2 (1.25) | 22 (13.8) | 104 (65.0) | 33 (20.6) |
Nurse (n = 50) | 28 (56.0) | 20 (40.0) | 21 (42.0) | 28 (56.0) | 0 | 7 (14.0) | 26 (52.0) | 16 (32.0) |
Pharmacist (n = 96) | 66 (68.8) | 30 (31.3) | 35 (36.5) | 58 (60.4) | 3 (3.1) | 11 (11.5) | 63 (65.6) | 22 (22.9) |
Medical student (n = 88) | 82 (93.2) | 5 (5.7) | 38 (43.2) | 48 (54.5) | 1 (1.1) | 10 (11.4) | 63 (71.6) | 14 (15.9) |
Overall (n = 394) | 290 (73.6) | 99 (25.1) | 187 (47.5) | 198 (50.3) | 6 (1.5) | 50 (12.7) | 256 (65.0) | 85 (21.6) |
Erythromycin, GI complaint (moderate, relatively contraindicated) | ||||||||
Medical (n = 160) | 5 (3.1) | 151 (94.4) | 101 (63.1) | 58 (36.3) | 0 | 2 (1.3) | 61 (38.1) | 95 (59.4) |
Nurse (n = 50) | 5 (10.0) | 43 (86.0) | 17 (34.0) | 31 (62.0) | 1 (2.0) | 4 (8.0) | 24 (48.0) | 21 (42.0) |
Pharmacist (n = 96) | 3 (3.1) | 93 (96.9) | 69 (71.9) | 23 (24.0) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.0) | 26 (27.1) | 66 (68.8) |
Medical student (n = 88) | 4 (4.5) | 83 (94.3) | 38 (43.2) | 49 (55.7) | 0 | 0 | 49 (55.7) | 38 (43.2) |
Overall (n = 394) | 17 (4.3) | 370 (93.9) | 225 (57.1) | 161 (40.9) | 2 (0.5) | 7 (1.8) | 160 (40.6) | 220 (55.8) |