From: Atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs: a difficult disease for animals and owners
Cytokine/cell | Function |
---|---|
IL-31 | Important role in atopic pruritus [167]. Its serum concentration correlates with the severity of active skin lesions [168] |
IL-13 | Induces production of PO in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, associated with chronicity of skin lesions and their deterioration [1] |
IL-25 | Increased in PO-stimulated keratinocytes [1], clinical relevance unclear. In a murine asthma model relevant for Th2-mediated immunity, contributes to a decreased epidermal barrier function in human AD [169,170,171] |
IL-33 | Upregulated in chronic lesional skin, similar to atopic humans [172] |
CD 34+ cells | Increase in peripheral blood, unclear clinical relevance [173] |
CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ cells | Significantly higher percentage in peripheral blood and correlated with severity of AD [174] |