Table 1 Similarities and differences of AD in dogs and humans
From: Atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs: a difficult disease for animals and owners
| Â | Dogs | Humans |
|---|---|---|
Pathogenesis | Th2 immune response Skin barrier damage Allergic inflammation | Th2 immune response Skin barrier damage Allergic inflammation [154] |
IL-4 and IL-13 | Pruritus, acute inflammation [155] | |
Periostin (PO) expression | Increased expression, related to the chronicity of skin lesions [158] | Increased expression, related to the chronicity of skin lesions [159, 160] |
Histologic pattern | Spongiotic, hyperplastic dermatitis with mononuclear infiltrate; predominantely T-lymphocytes [153, 161] | Spongiotic, hyperplastic dermatitis with mononuclear infiltrate; predominantely T-lymphocytes [162, 163] |
Dysbiosis | Reduced microbiome diversity [164] and fungal dysbiosis [165] | Reduced microbiome diversity and fungal dysbiosis [166] |
Clinical signs | Eczematous skin lesions with no progression of clinical signs e.g. no development of asthma [2, 44] | Atopic march |
Allergy testing | Intradermal testing without high risk of anaphylactic reactions [69] | Skin prick testing |
Immunotherapy | Accelerated immunotherapy without increased risk for anaphylactic reactions [76, 78, 79] | Standard AIT |