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Table 1 Patients antibiotic prescriptions and GP contacts in primary care per patient year (relative effect)

From: The impact of penicillin allergy labels on antibiotic and health care use in primary care: a retrospective cohort study

Outcome Total n = 5010 Pen-A patients n = 1254 Non-Pen-A patients n = 3756 Unadjusted OR 95% CI Adjusted OR 95% CI
No. of patients treated with
 ≥1 AB prescription per patient yearc,e 497 (9.9%) 238 (19.0%) 259 (6.9%) 3.16 2.617–3.822 2.56 a 2.046–3.197
 ≥1 2nd choice AB prescriptions per patient yeard,e 47 (0.9%) 18 (1.4%) 29 (0.8%) 1.26 1.008–1.582 2.21 a 1.107–4.402
 ≥1 Tetracyclinse 68 (1.4%) 35 (2.8%) 33 (0.9%) 3.24 2.004–5.235 2.24 1.287–3.887
 ≥1 Beta-lactam, penicillinse 101 (2.0%) 30 (2.4%) 71 (1.9%) 1.27 0.826–1.959 0.80 0.482–1.342
 ≥1 Beta-lactam, otherse 2 (0.0%) 1 (0.1%) 1 (0.0%) 3.00 0.187–47.947 6.09 0.360–103.149
 ≥1 Sulfonamides and trimethoprime 32 (0.6%) 18 (1.4%) 14 (0.4%) 3.89 1.930–7.849 2.07 0.908–4.724
 ≥1 Macrolides, lincosamides and streptograminse 64 (1.3%) 53 (4.2%) 11 (0.3%) 15.02 7.823–28.855 8.69 4.261–17.728
 ≥1 Quinolonese 34 (0.7%) 15 (1.2%) 19 (0.5%) 2.38 1.206–4.700 2.59 1.221–5.479
 ≥1 Other antibacterialse 82 (1.6%) 30 (2.4%) 52 (1.4%) 1.75 1.109–2.749 1.31 0.767–2.231
No. of patients with
 ≥4 GP contacts per patient yearc,e 2353 (47.0%) 761 (60.7%) 1592 (42.4%) 2.10 1.845–2.396 1.71 b 1.460–1.999
  1. Pen-A penicillin allergy label, No. number, AB antibiotic, GP general practitioner, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. Italic values represent significant differences between Pen-A and non-Pen-A
  3. aadjusted for ≥4 GP-contacts per year, gender, age >12 years, comorbidities (R96, R97, S87, F71, A12), GP practice
  4. bAdjusted for gender, age ≥12, comorbidities (R96, R97, S87, F71, A12), GP practice
  5. cBased on the median per year
  6. d2nd choice AB based on Dutch guidelines for primary care. Data obtained by matching AB prescriptions with corresponding ICPC-codes
  7. ePer patient year = total number of events/(total number of patients × total years of follow-up)
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