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Table 1 Patients antibiotic prescriptions and GP contacts in primary care per patient year (relative effect)

From: The impact of penicillin allergy labels on antibiotic and health care use in primary care: a retrospective cohort study

Outcome

Total n = 5010

Pen-A patients n = 1254

Non-Pen-A patients n = 3756

Unadjusted OR

95% CI

Adjusted OR

95% CI

No. of patients treated with

 ≥1 AB prescription per patient yearc,e

497 (9.9%)

238 (19.0%)

259 (6.9%)

3.16

2.6173.822

2.56 a

2.0463.197

 ≥1 2nd choice AB prescriptions per patient yeard,e

47 (0.9%)

18 (1.4%)

29 (0.8%)

1.26

1.0081.582

2.21 a

1.1074.402

 ≥1 Tetracyclinse

68 (1.4%)

35 (2.8%)

33 (0.9%)

3.24

2.0045.235

2.24

1.2873.887

 ≥1 Beta-lactam, penicillinse

101 (2.0%)

30 (2.4%)

71 (1.9%)

1.27

0.826–1.959

0.80

0.482–1.342

 ≥1 Beta-lactam, otherse

2 (0.0%)

1 (0.1%)

1 (0.0%)

3.00

0.187–47.947

6.09

0.360–103.149

 ≥1 Sulfonamides and trimethoprime

32 (0.6%)

18 (1.4%)

14 (0.4%)

3.89

1.9307.849

2.07

0.908–4.724

 ≥1 Macrolides, lincosamides and streptograminse

64 (1.3%)

53 (4.2%)

11 (0.3%)

15.02

7.82328.855

8.69

4.26117.728

 ≥1 Quinolonese

34 (0.7%)

15 (1.2%)

19 (0.5%)

2.38

1.2064.700

2.59

1.2215.479

 ≥1 Other antibacterialse

82 (1.6%)

30 (2.4%)

52 (1.4%)

1.75

1.1092.749

1.31

0.767–2.231

No. of patients with

 ≥4 GP contacts per patient yearc,e

2353 (47.0%)

761 (60.7%)

1592 (42.4%)

2.10

1.8452.396

1.71 b

1.4601.999

  1. Pen-A penicillin allergy label, No. number, AB antibiotic, GP general practitioner, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. Italic values represent significant differences between Pen-A and non-Pen-A
  3. aadjusted for ≥4 GP-contacts per year, gender, age >12 years, comorbidities (R96, R97, S87, F71, A12), GP practice
  4. bAdjusted for gender, age ≥12, comorbidities (R96, R97, S87, F71, A12), GP practice
  5. cBased on the median per year
  6. d2nd choice AB based on Dutch guidelines for primary care. Data obtained by matching AB prescriptions with corresponding ICPC-codes
  7. ePer patient year = total number of events/(total number of patients × total years of follow-up)