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Table 2 Prevalence of ‘Current asthma’ and logistic regression models with crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR)

From: Prevalence of asthma in Portugal - The Portuguese National Asthma Survey

 

Current asthma % (95%CI)

Crude OR (95%CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)§

All Portuguese Population

6.8 ( 6.0- 7.7)

  

NUTS II

   

  North

6.7 ( 5.5- 8.2)

1.00 (Ref)

 

  Centre

6.2 ( 4.6- 8.3)

0.92 (0.63-1.35)

 

  Lisbon

6.8 ( 5.4- 8.6)

1.01 (0.72-1.42)

 

  Alentejo/Algarve

7.9 ( 5.4-11.3)

1.18 (0.75-1.87)

 

  Madeira/Azores

6.6 ( 3.9-10.9)

0.98 (0.55-1.77)

 

Municipality

   

  Urban

6.5 ( 5.6- 7.4)

1.00 (Ref)

 

  Rural

7.7 ( 5.9-10.1)

1.22 (0.87-1.69)

 

Gender

   

  Female

7.2 ( 6.0- 8.5)

1.00 (Ref)

 

  Male

6.3 ( 5.2- 7.6)

0.87 (0.66-1.14)

 

Age groups

   

  <18 years old

7.2 ( 5.4- 9.5)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

  18-65 years old

6.3 ( 5.3- 7.5)

0.86 (0.61-1.23)

0.94 (0.63-1.40)

  >65 years old

8.0 ( 6.7- 9.5)

1.11 (0.78-1.59)*

1.51 (1.01-2.27) §*

Education level †

   

  <9 years

7.1 ( 6.1- 8.2)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

  9-12 years

7.4 ( 5.6- 9.7)

1.05 (0.75-1.47)

0.92 (0.64-1.32)

  >12 years

4.5 ( 3.0- 6.6)

0.62 (0.40-0.96)

0.44 (0.28-0.70) §**

SES ‡

   

  Low

6.9 ( 5.3- 8.9)

1.00 (Ref)

 

  Medium

6.9 ( 5.9- 8.0)

1.00 (0.73-1.37)

 

  High

6.3 ( 3.8-10.3)

0.91 (0.50-1.66)

 

Smoking status

   

  Non-smoker

6.9 ( 6.0- 8.0)

1.00 (Ref)

 

  Ex-smoker

6.3 ( 4.7- 8.5)

0.91 (0.63-1.30)

 

  Current smoker

6.3 ( 4.3- 9.1)

0.90 (0.59-1.34)

 

ETS ††

   

  No

6.1 ( 5.3- 7.0)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

  Yes

8.6 ( 6.7-11.0)

1.45 (1.06-1.97) *

1.53 (1.09-2.16) §***

Chronic Bronchitis ‡‡

   

  No

6.5 (5.7-7.4)

1.00(Ref)

 

  Yes

14.6 (9.8-21.2)

2.23 (1.38-3.59)

 

Rhinitis plus Sinusitis

   

  No

6.4 ( 5.6- 7.3)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

  Yes

39.1 (24.9-55.4)

9.34 (4.75-18.35) **

13.93 (6.60-29.44) §§

Rhinitis without Sinusitis

   

  No

4.6 ( 3.8- 5.5)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

  Yes

14.9 (12.6-17.6)

3.67 (2.79-4.82) **

3.87(2.90-5.18) §§

Sinusitis without Rhinitis

   

  No

6.7 ( 5.9- 7.6)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

  Yes

8.7 ( 3.3-21.2)

1.33 (0.47-3.76) **

2.01 (0.64-6.34)

Eczema

   

  No

5.1 ( 4.3- 6.1)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

  Yes

11.5 ( 9.6-13.7)

2.41 (1.84-3.17) **

2.00 (1.50-2.66) §§

Food allergy

   

  No

6.3 ( 5.5- 7.1)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

  Yes

15.7 (10.8-22.3)

2.79 (1.77-4.40) **

1.89 (1.15-3.10) §§*

Drug allergy

   

  No

6.3 ( 5.5- 7.3)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

  Yes

11.9 ( 8.7-16.1)

2.00 (1.38-2.92) **

1.30 (0.86-1.95)

  1. † ‘Pre-schoolers’ and <9 years were merged. ‡Socioeconomic status was categorized in high (A social class), medium (B and C social classes) and low (D social class) based on occupation and school education of the person who contributes more for the household income. ††Environmental Tobacco Smoke. ‡‡Chronic bronchitis was defined as positive answer to questions “Did you have phlegm when coughing for at least 3 months in the last year?” and smoked more than 10 Packs-year and be at least 40 years old. *p < 0.25 **p < 0.001. § Final multiple logistic regression model included age, education level, ETS, , rhinitis plus sinusitis, rhinitis without sinusitis, sinusitis without rhinitis, eczema, drug allergy and food allergy as risk factors for Current asthma. §*p = 0.006 §**p = 0.002 §***p = 0.015 §§p < 0.001 §§*p = 0.012. Significant results in bold. OR – odds ratio.
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Clinical and Translational Allergy

ISSN: 2045-7022

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